Understanding PMOS (previously Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, PCOS) and Its Impact on Fertility

At LivingCare, we work closely with individuals and couples to understand the conditions that may affect their fertility health. Through our partnership with JIVA Fertility, we ensure patients have access to advanced specialist care when needed. One of the most common, yet often misunderstood conditions affecting reproductive health is PMOS (Polycystic Metabolic and Ovarian Syndrome), previously known as PCOS.

A hormonal and metabolic condition affecting reproductive health

PMOS is a common condition that affects how the ovaries function. It involves a combination of hormonal imbalances and metabolic features that may impact ovulation, menstrual cycles, skin and hair and overall reproductive health.

Women with PMOS often have higher levels of androgens (sometimes called male-type hormones). This can lead to symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, hair thinning or excess hair growth and may affect ovulation, which can influence fertility.

Importantly, PMOS is more than an ovarian issue. It is a broader endocrine and metabolic condition with long-term health implications.

Recognising the signs and symptoms

Symptoms of PMOS can vary and may include:

• Irregular, infrequent or absent periods
• Difficulty conceiving due to ovulation issues
• Acne or oily skin
• Excess facial or body hair
• Thinning hair or hair loss from the scalp
• Weight gain or difficulty losing weight

Not everyone will experience all symptoms, and severity can differ. Many women only become aware of PMOS when they begin trying to conceive.

How PMOS is diagnosed

PMOS is diagnosed when at least two of the following features are present (after excluding other conditions):

• Elevated androgen levels, either through symptoms or blood tests
• Irregular or absent ovulation
• Polycystic ovary appearance on ultrasound

Diagnosis may involve:

• Hormone testing through blood work
• Pelvic ultrasound to assess ovarian appearance
• Exclusion of other hormonal disorders such as thyroid dysfunction

A pelvic scan is not always needed to diagnose PMOS, especially in younger women.

Effects on fertility and reproductive planning

PMOS can affect fertility because it may disrupt regular ovulation. However, many women with PMOS do conceive naturally. For others, treatment such as ovulation induction may be helpful.

It’s one of the most common causes of ovulation-related fertility difficulties, but early assessment can support better planning and outcomes.

Broader health considerations linked to PMOS

PMOS is associated with insulin resistance and a higher long-term risk of:

• Type 2 diabetes
• Cardiovascular issues

While these risks sound concerning, they are manageable with regular monitoring and support. A focus on healthy lifestyle choices and early intervention makes a significant difference.

Options for managing symptoms and long-term health

PMOS management is highly individualised. Key approaches may include:

• Lifestyle guidance focused on weight, nutrition and exercise
• Hormonal treatments to regulate periods or reduce symptoms
• Ovulation support when planning pregnancy

At LivingCare, we help patients understand their options and decide on the next steps based on their needs and future plans.

Explore our fertility services to learn more.

When to speak with a healthcare professional

You may wish to discuss PMOS with a healthcare provider if you experience:

• Irregular or absent periods
• Difficulty conceiving
• Symptoms of high androgen levels
• Concerns about long-term metabolic health

Early advice can help clarify whether symptoms are related to PMOS and whether support or treatment is appropriate.

How LivingCare and JIVA Fertility support you

If you’re unsure whether your symptoms could be related to PMOS or how it may be affecting your fertility, speak with a LivingCare professional. We’ll guide you through your options and, if needed, connect you with our trusted partners at JIVA Fertility for specialised care.

You can book a consultation to start your assessment.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and should not replace medical advice. Always speak to a healthcare provider about your individual health needs.